Are spoilers on an aircraft typically classified as over-wing or under-wing devices?

Spoilers are primarily classified as over-wing devices, as they are usually located on the upper surface of an aircraft’s wings. Their main function is to reduce lift by disrupting the airflow over the wing when deployed, allowing for better control during descent and landing. By increasing drag and decreasing lift, spoilers help to slow down the aircraft, which is essential for landing maneuvers.

While there are different designs of aircraft, the standard configuration for commercial and many military aircraft places spoilers on the wings themselves, above the wing structure. This placement allows them to function effectively by leveraging the aerodynamic principles of airflow across the wing surfaces.

The classification of spoilers as under-wing devices, or part of the tail assembly, does not align with conventional aircraft design principles where they are integrated into the wing structure. Thus, the correct classification as over-wing devices is grounded in their design and operational purpose on the aircraft.