At which stage of thunderstorm development are roll clouds associated with rotor winds most likely to occur?

During the mature stage of thunderstorm development, the conditions for roll clouds associated with rotor winds are most conducive. This stage is characterized by intense updrafts and downdrafts, which create turbulent airflows. The presence of these strong, dynamic winds can lead to the formation of roll clouds, which are horizontal, tube-like cloud formations that can appear at the leading edge of a thunderstorm.

As the storm life cycle progresses into the mature stage, it reaches its peak intensity, often leading to the most significant weather phenomena, including severe turbulence, hail, and strong winds. The instability and energy present at this stage set the stage for rotor winds, as the interaction of rising and sinking air creates powerful, rotating currents. Consequently, it’s during this mature phase that the characteristics of roll clouds are most pronounced, making it the optimal time for their occurrence.