How many take-offs and landings must a co-pilot complete in the last 90 days to carry passengers?

To carry passengers as a co-pilot, it is required to have completed at least three take-offs and three landings in the preceding 90 days. This requirement ensures that the pilot has recent experience and is operating with up-to-date skills, which is critical for maintaining safety during flight operations. Completing these maneuvers allows the co-pilot to demonstrate proficiency in both the take-off and landing phases of flight, which are crucial moments when operational control is vital.

While fewer take-offs and landings might suggest some level of competence, the three take-off and landing requirement strikes a balance, ensuring that pilots are adequately familiar with these critical phases over a recent timeframe, thus enhancing overall safety in passenger transport.