What differentiates a short circuit from an open circuit?

A short circuit is characterized by a low-resistance path formed in an electric circuit, leading to an uncontrolled increase in current. This situation occurs when electricity bypasses the normal load of a circuit and flows directly from the source to the ground or another point of lower resistance. As a result, the current can surge far beyond the intended levels, which can cause overheating, damage to components, or even fires due to the excessive heat generated by the high current flow.

In contrast, an open circuit occurs when there is a break in the continuity of the circuit, essentially creating a gap that stops all electrical flow. While an open circuit is generally safer because it prevents current from flowing, it does not lead to the same hazardous conditions associated with a short circuit. Therefore, the nature of electrical flow in a short circuit is fundamentally different from that of an open circuit, making the correct response that a short circuit leads to an uncontrolled increase in current.