What happens to specific fuel consumption (SFC) when temperature decreases?

Specific fuel consumption (SFC) is an important measure of the efficiency of an engine in converting fuel into thrust. When the temperature decreases, the air density increases. This denser air allows for greater oxygen availability in the combustion process. As a result, the engine can maintain or improve its performance, especially in terms of power output.

With more air (and therefore more oxygen) being available for combustion, the engine can operate more efficiently, leading to a decrease in SFC. Essentially, the improved engine efficiency enables a more effective fuel-to-thrust conversion, meaning less fuel is required to produce the same amount of thrust, thereby lowering the specific fuel consumption.

In contrast, other options might suggest scenarios where the efficiency is negatively impacted or remains unchanged, but these do not accurately reflect the relationship between temperature and engine performance. The effect of temperature on the SFC is directly tied to the changes in air density and engine operation efficiency.