What is the meaning of the term "cleared to land" in aviation?

The term "cleared to land" specifically refers to the final clearance given by air traffic control to a pilot, authorizing the aircraft to land on the runway. This clearance is only given after ensuring that it is safe for the aircraft to descend and touch down, taking into account the current traffic, weather conditions, and runway availability.

This distinction is crucial, as it does not simply indicate that the approach phase can begin, nor does it confirm any other operational checks such as landing gear functionality or authorize takeoff. The phrase solely empowers the pilot to execute the landing, indicating that there are no conflicts or obstacles on the runway and that they may safely complete their landing procedure.